which emerged after deindustrialization

, "creative city" The creative city is an idea that emerged after deindustrialization as a result of the shift from traditional industrial economies to more information and service industries. This concept involves cities taking on a more active role in encouraging innovation, culture, and creativity through policies and programs that nurture new ideas, promote entrepreneurship, and encourage arts and culture. Creative cities place a high value on human capital by investing in cultural and educational institutions and creating a diverse and open environment for local and international businesses to thrive. Creative cities also aim to promote the development of a vibrant social and economic community with an emphasis on sustainability, livability, and inclusion.

After deindustrialization, a more service-based economy emerged due to the shift away from manufacturing. This has seen an increase in sectors such as tourism, retail, hospitality, and healthcare, as well as growth in finance, IT, and digital services. At the same time, traditional industries such as coal and steel, have seen significant declines.